G2 3jz. ramage@glasgow. G2 3jz

 
ramage@glasgowG2 3jz  Dental School Oral Biochemistry Unit, Oral Biology Group, University of Glasgow

K. View all articles by this [email protected] G2 3JZUKE-mail: d. The implementation of web-based virtual patient simulation program to teach dental students oral surgery has been investigated. Mature biofilms were carefully. Tel: 0141 211 9741. Worldwide, 810 million people are aged 60 years or over, which is predicted to increase to at least two billion by 2050 (22% of the entire global population) []. CreanorAbstract. The most significant differences between the groups were in angle ANB, M/M ratio (P < 0. nhs. Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom. MacphersonH. Senior Lecturer in Oral Microbiology, University of Glasgow Dental. Abstract. Oral Sciences Unit, Glasgow Dental Hospital, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK. email dental-enquiries@glasgow. Results: We observed increased lung cancer risk estimates for men with medium (OR = 1. gla. VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS. This audit aimed to assess the quality of communication between dental students/qualified dentists and dental technicians, increase the percentage of satisfactorily completed laboratory prescriptions and reduce the number of. Your trust is our top concern, so businesses can't pay to alter or remove their reviews. ac. D. Development of a PCR assay specific for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Typically eight services run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. b Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK Abstract Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic infectious disease mediated by bacteria in the oral cavity. 378 Sauchiehall StreetDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, Scotland, UK. P. gla. 8 Weekly Services. B. 2017. Oral Biochemistry Unit (Oral Biology Group), University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK===Search for more papers by this authorThe journey time between 378 Sauchiehall Street and Glasgow Botanic Gardens is around 16 min and covers a distance of around 2 miles. ; 2 Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom. Search for more papers by this author. We conducted several subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results. ; 2 Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK. Beeley b " University Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology', Glasgow. Address: University of Glasgow Dental School. Lecturer & Honorary Specialist Registrar in Oral Microbiology, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. Email: giulio. Glasgow, G2 3JZ Main Switchboard: 0141 211 9600 Getting Here By Car Public Transport Walking Cycling The Glasgow Dental Hospital and School is the pre-eminent centre for. Introduction. Department of Orthodontics, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, [email protected]. Review. Inspection reports. Map of G2 3JZ postcode in Glasgow, Scotland with local information, lat/long: 55. Correspondence. Standardised C. 15pm Monday to Friday for patients who are not registered at a dentist and need emergency treatment, and between 7. 6 Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, G2 6QE, UK. K. Glasgow, G2 3JZ; 3Decontamination Consultant, HealthCare Science Ltd, Unit 4, Northend Industrial Estate, Burymead Road, Hitchin, SE5 1RT; 4 Statistician, 5 Infection Control Nurse, Infection. and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK. 2 School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. Radvar. ac. Bone-healing properties of demineralized bone have been known since the end of 19th century; however, it was not until the 1960s when a seminal paper was published describing the osteoinductive effect of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). uk. 3 Royal Hospital for Sick Children, 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, Edinburgh, UK. Search for local Hospitals near you on Yell. S Letters. David Shaw, lecturer in ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK; davidmartinshaw{at}gmail. 21 The study population comprised all general dental practitioners in Scotland with a National Health. scot. The case-control study has been in operation since the first case of vCJD was identified in 1996 and almost all the families of cases (98%) have agreed to take part in the study. 1. Background Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetic enamel defect that can affect both the primary and permanent dentition. We serve a population of 1. Phone or click the button below to book online for a consultation. Wednesday. bdj. View all articles by this author. Clinical Senior Lecturer in Dental Public Health, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, D. Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK 2Infection and Immunity Section, University of Glasgow, Medical Faculty, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK The acute dental abscess is frequently underestimated in terms of its morbidity and mortality. uk. p. Shaw. Address: 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ; Photo: Stinglehammer, CC BY-SA 4. F. 26 million in 2050 and, in. Night tariff: From 0:00 to 6:00. Robert A. 1 Consultant in Oral Medicine Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. It has been reported that nearly 90% of patients seeking emergency dental treatment have symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. In the decade since its spontaneous emergence, Candida auris has quickly established itself as a prolific healthcare pathogen. magnus (RsaI); 6, [email protected] Abstract: Background: Case presentation assessment is common in both medicine and dentistryDean, Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, 378 Sauchiehall Street. 866053, -4. ac. Josie A. Strains were identified as emm89 by emm gene sequencing as. 003517-0G2 3JZ . Affiliations 1 Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow,. If you wish, you can also view information for the whole of G2 here. Affiliations 1 School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, Scotland, UK. Opening hours: 8. Scottish Health Technologies. 7 Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London,. 5 School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK. shaw{at}dental. M. The University of Glasgow is a registered Scottish charity: Registration Number SC004401. Dental School Oral Biochemistry Unit, Oral Biology Group, University of Glasgow. Affiliations 1 Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom. The Protecting Teeth@3 Study is an ongoing 2 year parallel group randomised treatment as usual controlled trial. Smith Oral Sciences Unit Glasgow Dental Hospital 378 Sauchiehall Street Glasgow G2 3JZ UK Fax: 0141-331 2798 e-mail: a. ac. See all articles by this author. D. The membrane glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) of Bunyamwera virus (BUN; family Bunyaviridae) accumulate in the Golgi complex, where virion maturation occurs. Arts center Photo: Sam Saunders, CC BY-SA 2. Tel: 0141 223 1686; Email: West. Saunders, E. Gordon WG Smith, David F Lappin, Gordon Ramage & Andrew J Smith. WEBSITE. A. 265553, grid reference: NS583659 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. This pathway is mediated by the vagus nerve which releases acetylcholine to interact with the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on proximate immuno-regulatory cells. Glasgow Dental Hospital and School. 1. doi: 10. Conway Authors 1 Consultant/Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer in Restorative Dentistry, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom. Negative controls were also included. Online article number E24 . conway@glasgow. Short courses. Overall, sold prices in SW2 3JZ over the last year were 7% up on the previous year. albicansin vitro. Beacher Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Western Infirmary, Epilepsy Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UKThe craniofacial morphology of the parents of children with orofacial clefting:a systematic review of cephalometric studies G. 11, 1538437Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ UK. scot. The effect of artificial saliva on the static and kinetic frictional forces of stainless steel (Dentaurum ®) and polycrystalline ceramic (Transcend ®) brackets in combination with 0·018-inch round and 0·019 × 0·025-inch Edgewise archwire sizes and stainless steel, nickel-titanium and beta-titanium archwire materials, under a constant. 378 Sauchiehall Street. 4 Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK. ac. sherriff@glasgow. Abstract. Book Now. uk; GDEC has been certified by RoSPA following the. ac. plateau of the palatal surface of the. Conflict of interests and source of funding statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall St. Added on 06/02/2023 by Joyce Heeps Homes, East Kilbride. K. Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Dental School, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, [email protected] Restorative Dentistry, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK; 9Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Newcastle Dental Hospital, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AZ, UK; 10 Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Edinburgh Dental Institute, 39 Lauriston Place, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; 11. 00pm. 4811855. doi: 10. 2018 . ac. 2002 Dec;51 (12):1097-1101. 00am – 5. T W MacFarlane. G2 3JZ 0141 223 1686 Business hours This page was last updated on: 09. V. Electronic address: kurt. upper incisors (Figure 1). Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street Glasgow G2 3JZ, U. Aim: Compare the microbial profiles on the tongue dorsum in patients with halitosis and control subjects in a UK population using culture‐independent techniques. Surgery alone may be treatment for early‐stage disease or surgery may be used in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy. Ashraf Ayoub, Scottish Craniofacial Research Group, Glasgow University Dental Hospital & Scholl, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom. ; 2 Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, United Kingdom. At least 50,000 total hip replacements are performed each year in the UK []. Leigh Deas, Public Dental Service, NHS Lanarkshire, Glasgow Dental Hospital, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK. With dynamic epidemiology, elevated resistance levels and an. E-mail: [email protected]. D. One group had been considered suitable for orthodontic correction by the diagnosing clinician and the other offered orthognathic surgery. . We aimed to assess the components of socioeconomic risk both independently and through. Affiliations 1 Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK. Materials and methods. Our knowledge of biofilms has advanced greatly since plaque. ; 2 Honorary Secretary, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. DISCY. albicans is strain dependent and is associated with biofilm heterogeneity. of the maxillary sinus. asaccharolyticus (RsaI); 8, P. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, indwelling. 1@research. Introduction. Senior Lecturer in Oral Biochemistry, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall St, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. Glasgow, G2 3JZ; 5Professor of Clinical Neurology, National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road,extended_data_file_2. 32-1. Triazoles are the mainstay of treatment for aspergillosis, although resistance to these antifungal agents may be associated with treatment failure. J A Beeley. Correspondence. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is regarded as an opportunistic pathogen, as it may exist asymptomatically as part of the normal flora of the nasopharynx but is also considered an important global pathogen, causing otitis media, pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. gla. 4. 9% (mean 5. This is a report of a clinical trial, comparing an experimental glass ionomer luting cement with a zinc phosphate cement for securing orthodontic hands. lorna. Map. uk. uk For all other enquiries for the University of Glasgow Dental School: Phone: 0141 211 9701. The term oral cancer broadly includes oral cavity (mouth) and oropharyngeal (throat) cancers, and consensus on the definition is emerging []. Background Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetic enamel defect that can affect both the primary and permanent dentition. Glasgow G2 3JZ. 9, C02-C06 excluding C2. D. ,. Notes. We offer a wide range of appointment times to suit you, including Saturdays and late nights on Tuesday and Wednesday. Updated September 1, 2021. 2 %) such deficiencies were found; 23 were deficient in ir. As a patient or visitor, you’ll find links to all the information you need about visiting, our services, directions and contact details for our sites. Infection and Immunity Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow Dental School. bdj. Radiology Department The pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of two groups of 20 subjects with severe Class III malocclusions were compared. E. 4%) of all teeth in a large systematic analysis of cross sectional studies. Pneumococcal pneumonia is a major cause of. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that the extracellular DNA release by C. 028852 Abstract This paper re-evaluates euthanasia and assisted suicide from the perspective of eudaimonia, the ancient Greek conception of happiness across one's whole life. 435. uk. Additional file 1: Figure S1 Optimisation of C. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can identify k. Unethical aspects of . Provided the tooth will anchor a rubber dam, the canals can be isolated from the oral cavity and a temporary seal can be placed over the canals, this will be sufficient. 4, C09-C10, C14) and laryngeal cancer (C32) on the Scottish Cancer Registry (1975. $7 Cheapest Price. G2 3JZ; 2Senior Nurse, Clinical Practice, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Central Decontamination Unit, Cowlairs Industrial Estate, 24 Finlas Street, Glasgow,Glasgow, G2 3JZ - Scotland Materials: 3M™ F2000 Compomer Restorative System 3M™ F2000 Compomer Primer/Adhesive in 3M™ Clicker™ Dispensing System 3M F2000 compomer restorative and tooth structure react to temperature changes almost identically and F2000 compomer shows an elasticity comparable to microfill restoratives, the latter. [email protected]. bdj. 5 School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. K. K. Refereed Paper - accepted 26 January 2013 DOI: 10. Licensed taxi operators are bound by these transport fees for rides in the core area of glasgow. 1 Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK. Oral Microbiol Immunol, (2):123-125 1991. Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, West of Scotland Health Boards, 22 Western Court, 100 University Place, G12 8SQ, Glasgow, UK. 30. Cytotoxicity studies were performed using RSV and CHX. Get to 378 Sauchiehall Street from anywhere in the world by train, bus, car and more. Email: [email protected] Metrics and citations Metrics. 2 Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow. Complex inflammatory and immune responses are involved in the progression of periodontal disease [1,2]. Emond c, P. Day tariff: From 6:00 to 24:00. Senior Lecturer, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, M. #26 of 210 hotels in Glasgow. Affiliations 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378, Sauchiehall street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. Lee & [email protected]. See all articles by this author Search Google Scholar for this authorAffiliations 1 Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA. MED: 18437843. Funding This study was carried out as part of our routine work. albicans biofilms. Reid. ac. It is convenient for all local amenities, bus services and sports and recreational facilities. Based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision (ICD-10) coding, oral cavity cancer include cancers of the lip (excluding external surface) (C00. This article was published in Journal of Child Health Care. Preparation of lysates. Lanes: 1, 9, and 17, 100-bp DNA ladder; 2 to 8, RsaI digests; 10 to 16, CfoI digests; 18 to 24, HinfI digests. One group had been considered suitable for orthodontic correction by the diagnosing clinician and the other offered orthognathic surgery. Lappin Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ UK. ; 2 Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow,. PMID: 12196 Authors. Electronic address: m. The disease is multifactorial [], yet the capacity of C. nhs. comBackground. gla. Contact us; Legal. United Kingdom. aureus. Clinical observation and decisions may be monitored by multiple choice ques. F. T. [email protected] Metrics and citations Metrics. McColl, M. 5 University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK. Periodontal Unit, Adult Dental Care Department, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, Scotland, U. An orthograde attempt at re-treatment should always be. Recommended Reviews. 1038/sj. In a detailed study of 100 consecutive cases of rheumatoid arthritis, clinical abnormalities were present in the temporomandibular joints in 71. uk. ac. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. Class III incisor relationship exists. There. 80 Bath Street, Glasgow G2 2EN Scotland. J. Dickson. ac. d. Gnich Senior Clinical University Teacher/Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School 376 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ [email protected] View all articles by this author Consultant in Oral Medicine, Glasgow Dental Hospital, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. pdf. Go to: 1. University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom See all articles by this author. A. An epidemiological investigation involving 765 Glasgow schoolchildren aged nine, twelve, and fifteen years was undertaken to assess the severity of malocclusion, the need for Orthodontic treatment, and the proportion of children in each age group who had previously received treatment. Level 7, Clinical Research Facility, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. View all articles by this author. 1038/sj. Croatian National Cancer Registry, National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. This article was published in Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine. ; 4. L. PMID: 35051306 DOI:. 13–1. M. uk. Reported side effects of NRT lozenges include: diarrhoea, flatulence, heartburn, hiccups, nausea, upper. AhmedBacterial strains. ac. 2. Visit us / Open Days. Paediatric Dentistry Department, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK Fiona Lafferty Paediatric Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UKCorresponding Author. Radiological signs of tooth associated infection in the supporting bone are extremely common, affecting 0. INTRODUCTION. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas—generally defined as aerodigestive squamous cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx—are a growing challenge for healthcare systems across the world: they are the eighth most common cancer, accounting for an estimated 878,348 new cases and 444,347 deaths globally in [email protected]. We observed increased lung cancer risk estimates for men with medium (OR = 1. Search for more papers by this authorOnline study. scot. NHS Education for Scotland, 2nd Floor, Hanover Buildings, 66 Rose Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2NN. 0 perSpecialist Registrar/Honorary Clinical Teacher Microbiology, University of Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, Faculty of Medicine, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ D. ); craig. The Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) is a structured interview based on informant responses that is used to assess for possible dementia. Giulio Fortuna, Glasgow Dental School & Hospital, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK. occludes anterior to the cingulum. [email protected]/sj. 3-C00. Journals metrics. marcello. 00am – 5. mathur. 2. D. Tickets cost $2 - $4 and the journey takes 14 min. 44; 95 % CI 1. This pathway is mediated by the vagus nerve which releases acetylcholine to interact with the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on proximate immuno-regulatory cells. (Study information sheet describing the survey and the type of studies the data will be supporting. Glasgow G2 3JZ UK E-mail: d. See all articles by this author Search Google Scholar for this authorVisiting General Dental Practitioner, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 [email protected] 1 Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK; Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Phone or click the button below to book online for a consultation with one of our experienced team. Senior Lecturer in Integrated Oral Care, Dundee Dental Hospital & School. Services are operated by McGills Bus Service. University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow G2 3JZ, United Kingdom. 1 Infection and Immunity Research Group, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK. (Poly)phenolics are plant secondary metabolites, regularly consumed by humans (∼1 g/day) in the form of fruits, vegetables and beverages (tea, coffee, wine and juices) (Reference Augustin and Gary 1). M. 4 Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK. Honorary Clinical Teacher in Restorative Dentistry, University of Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. K. Tobacco use (various forms), betel quid/areca nut use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are globally recognized risk. We provide regional and national services. 12. AIM: To identify early clinical variables that are most predictive of treatment outcome and to develop a model that will allow prediction of treatment outcomes based on these variables. Chestnutt Affiliations 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378, Sauchiehall street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ. 109. G2 3JZ. uk. The most significant differences between the groups were in angle ANB, M/M ratio (P < 0. ac. MED: 1945488. s. With outbreaks recorded in six continents, C. lorna.